![[ Fileteado sobre Sulky, antiguo transporte argentino ]](../imagenes/Fabricade%20carros.jpg) |
The fileteado porteño is a popular decorative art born in the beginnings of the 20th century in the Buenos Aires city.
Its origins can be found in the carts factories where the firsts craftmen actually created it while making the carts ornamentation. Unfortunately we have very poor documentation about the fileteado's genesis and subsequent development.
The craft masters testimonies collected in the middle of XX century constitute the only fileteado history.
As it happens with the tango history, there is neither a first artist nor an exact date allowing to establish precisely its beginnings. Anyhow all testimonies agree in mentioning three Italian immigrants as its creators : Cecilio Pascarella, Vicente Brunetti and Salvador Venturo. Each one of them with his own characteristics, developed the fileteado at the same time, working with the different types of carriages available at the start of the century.
The first followers of these pioneers were their own descendants.
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It was so that in Buenos Aires the carts fileteada decoration began to appear over the uniform grey municipal colour by giving another new colourfull appearance
A step further consisted in separating these two colours by means of a thin line of a more intense or contrasting hue. And this was the starting point for the different motifs forming later the wide repertoire that, as well as the technique and the composition, will be characteristic of this tipical art.
Flowers, scrolls, acanthus' leaves, ribbons with the Argentine colours, little balls, straight and curve lines of different thickness are richly combined with rural scenes and popular characters, like Carlos Gardel., the most famous tango singer
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![[ Cartel lateral de un camión de carga ]](../imagenes/CajaCamion.JPG) |
![[ Fileteado sobre carro lechero ]](../imagenes/Sulky2a.JPG) |
Colours are very bright and by means of contrasts and transparencies the composition gets volumetric appearance. The painting used for the fileteado is just synthetic enamel, very suitable for outdoors and resistant to the pass of time. These characteristics allow the fileteado art to be constantly on the city streets.
The fileteado compositions include texts taken from the very rich collection of proverbs dictated by popular wisdom and by the guild. These texts are its "voice", mentioned once by Jorge Luis Borges as costados sentenciosos
( "sententious sides" ).
Its presence was so ordinary that the fileteado will be thought as an art only when it begins to disappear. |
![[ Fileteado sobre omnibus publico ]](../imagenes/Bondi%201957.jpg)
The successive economic crises, the fashions that begin shyly to "globalize" and even a national law in 1975 ( that forbids fileteado paintings on the buses!! ) cause, inevitably, the dissolution of this traditional art from the streets
The golden years of the greats fileteado masters and their unforgettable, profusely decorated carriages is over, but the fileteado porteño goes on living thanks to a younger artists, who have come to rescue it from indifference and forgetfulness. They practise it in a different context and on over new surfaces as an art and craft that always provides the playful pleasure of ornamentation.
Bibliography
- Esther Barugel y Nicolás Rubió, 1994 , "Los maestros fileteadores de Buenos Aires" , Bs.As. , Fondo Nacional de las Artes.
- Jorge Luis Borges, 1930, "Las Inscripciones de los Carros" en Evaristo Carriego .
- Norberto P. Cirio , 1996, "El Filete Porteño: bibliografía crítica y definición conceptual" en Segundas jornadas estudios de investigaciones en artes visuales y música , Instituto J. E. Payró, Universidad de Buenos Aires. |